Migration Guide

Migrating to Cypress CFG_VERSION

This guide details the changes and how to change your code to migrate to Cypress CFG_VERSION. [See the full changelog for CFG_VERSION](/guides/references/changelog#CFG_VERSION_CHANGED_TO_HASH.

Configuration file changes

Cypress now supports JavaScript and TypeScript configuration files! By default, Cypress will automatically load a cypress.config.js or cypress.config.ts file in the project root if one exists. The Configuration guide has been updated to reflect these changes, and explains them in greater detail.

The cypress.json configuration file is now deprecated. Documentation for cypress.json is now available in the Legacy Configuration guide. Support for cypress.json will be removed in a future version of Cypress.

Related notes:

• If no config file exists when you open the Cypress Test Runner, a cypress.config.js file will now be auto-generated for you.
• A defineConfig helper function is now exported by Cypress, which provides automatic code completion for configuration in many popular code editors.
• Many pages and examples throughout the documentation have been updated to show configuration in cypress.config.js, cypress.config.ts and cypress.json. For example:

const { defineConfig } = require('cypress')

module.exports = defineConfig({
  baseUrl: 'http://localhost:1234'
})

import { defineConfig } from 'cypress'

export default defineConfig({
  baseUrl: 'http://localhost:1234'
})

{
  "baseUrl": "http://localhost:1234"
}

Plugins file deprecation

Because Cypress now supports JavaScript and TypeScript configuration files, a separate "plugins file" (which defaulted to cypress/plugins/index.js) is no longer needed! You can do everything you used to do in the plugins file directly inside of the Cypress configuration file.

Accordingly, the plugins file is now deprecated. It has been replaced with the new setupNodeEvents function and the devServer and devServerConfig options.

Related notes:

• The setupNodeEvents function is functionally equivalent to the function exported from the plugins file; it takes the same on and config arguments, and should return the same value.
• The devServer and devServerConfig options are specific to component testing, and offer a much more streamlined and consistent way to configure a dev server than using the plugins file.
• Many pages and examples throughout the documentation have been updated to show configuration in setupNodeEvents as well as the plugins file. For example:

const { defineConfig } = require('cypress')

module.exports = defineConfig({
  // setupNodeEvents can be defined in either
  // the e2e or component configuration
  e2e: {
    setupNodeEvents(on, config) {
      // bind to the event we care about
      on('<event>', (arg1, arg2) => {
        // plugin stuff here
      })
    }
  }
})

import { defineConfig } from 'cypress'

export default defineConfig({
  // setupNodeEvents can be defined in either
  // the e2e or component configuration
  e2e: {
    setupNodeEvents(on, config) {
      // bind to the event we care about
      on('<event>', (arg1, arg2) => {
        // plugin stuff here
      })
    }
  }
})

// cypress/plugins/index.js

module.exports = (on, config) => {
  // bind to the event we care about
  on('<event>', (arg1, arg2) => {
    // plugin stuff here
  })
}

Config option changes

CONTENT_TBD

Migrating to Cypress 8.0

This guide details the changes and how to change your code to migrate to Cypress 8.0. See the full changelog for 8.0.

cypress run runs all browsers --headless

When running cypress run previous to 8.0, some browsers would launch headed while others were launched headless by default. In 8.0, we've normalized all browsers to launch as headless by default.

This could cause a couple of changes to your existing runs:

• You may see the screenshot or video resolution of runs during cypress run change to the default of 1280x720. This is because headless browsers use the set screen size as opposed to the browser's size when opening headed.
• Chrome extensions will not load during a --headless run. If your run depends on a Chrome extension being loaded during cypress run, you should explicitly pass the --headed flag.

You can now remove the use of the --headless flag during cypress run as this is the default for all browsers.

You should also update any use of the isHeaded or isHeadless property on Cypress.browser or the browser launch API accordingly.

cypress run --browser=chrome --headless

cypress run --browser=firefox --headless

cypress run --browser=chrome

cypress run --browser=firefox

Default screen size during --headless

The default screen size when running a headless browser has been reverted back to 1280x720 pixels. If you have any code in the browser launch API to set the screen size to 1280x720, this can be removed.

// cypress/plugins/index.js
module.exports = (on, config) => {
  on('before:browser:launch', (browser, launchOptions) => {
    if (browser.name === 'chrome' && browser.isHeadless) {
      launchOptions.args.push('--window-size=1280,720')
    }

    if (browser.name === 'electron' && browser.isHeadless) {
      launchOptions.preferences.width = 1280
      launchOptions.preferences.height = 720
    }

    if (browser.name === 'firefox' && browser.isHeadless) {
      launchOptions.args.push('--width=1280')
      launchOptions.args.push('--height=720')
    }

    return launchOptions
  })
}

// cypress/plugins/index.js
module.exports = (on, config) => {
  // the default screen size is 1280x720 in all headless browsers
}

Migrating to Cypress 7.0

This guide details the changes and how to change your code to migrate to Cypress 7.0. See the full changelog for 7.0.

cy.intercept() changes

Cypress 7.0 comes with some breaking changes to cy.intercept():

Handler ordering is reversed

Previous to Cypress 7.0, cy.intercept() handlers were run in the order that they are defined, stopping after the first handler to call req.reply(), or once all handlers are complete.

With Cypress 7.0, cy.intercept() handlers are now run in reverse order of definition, stopping after the first handler to call req.reply(), or once all handlers are complete.

This change was done so that users can override previously declared cy.intercept() handlers by calling cy.intercept() again. See #9302 for more details.

cy.intercept(url, (req) => {
  /* This will be called first! */
})
cy.intercept(url, (req) => {
  /* This will be called second! */
})

cy.intercept(url, (req) => {
  /* This will be called second! */
})
cy.intercept(url, (req) => {
  /* This will be called first! */
})

Read more about the cy.intercept() interception lifecycle.

URL matching is stricter

Before Cypress 7.0, cy.intercept() would match URLs against strings by using minimatch, substring match, or by equality.

With Cypress 7.0, this behavior is being tightened - URLs are matched against strings only by minimatch or by equality. The substring match has been removed.

This more closely matches the URL matching behavior shown by cy.route(). However, some intercepts will not match, even though they did before.

For example, requests with querystrings may no longer match:

// will this intercept match a request for `/items?page=1`?
cy.intercept('/items')
// ✅ before 7.0.0, this will match, because it is a substring
// ❌ after 7.0.0, this will not match, because of the querystring
// solution: update the intercept to match the querystring with a wildcard:
cy.intercept('/items?*')

Also, requests for paths in nested directories may be affected:

// will this intercept match a request for `/some/items`?
cy.intercept('/items')
// ✅ before 7.0.0, this will match, because it is a substring
// ❌ after 7.0.0, this will not match, because of the leading directory
// solution: update the intercept to include the directory:
cy.intercept('/some/items')

Additionally, the matchUrlAgainstPath RouteMatcher option that was added in Cypress 6.2.0 has been removed in Cypress 7.0. It can be safely removed from tests.

Deprecated cy.route2() command removed

cy.route2() was the original name for cy.intercept() during the experimental phase of the feature. It was deprecated in Cypress 6.0. In Cypress 7.0, it has been removed entirely. Please update existing usages of cy.route2() to call cy.intercept() instead.

cy.route2('/widgets/*', { fixture: 'widget.json' }).as('widget')

cy.intercept('/widgets/*', { fixture: 'widget.json' }).as('widget')

res.delay() and res.throttle() have been renamed

The res.delay() and res.throttle() functions that exist on responses yielded to response handlers have been renamed.

The new names are res.setDelay() and res.setThrottle(), respectively.

cy.intercept('/slow', (req) => {
  req.continue((res) => {
    // apply a delay of 1 second and a throttle of 56kbps
    res.delay(1000).throttle(56)
  })
})

cy.intercept('/slow', (req) => {
  req.continue((res) => {
    // apply a delay of 1 second and a throttle of 56kbps
    res.setDelay(1000).setThrottle(56)
  })
})

Read more about available functions on res.

Falsy values are no longer dropped in StaticResponse bodies

Previously, falsy values supplied as the body of a StaticResponse would get dropped (the same as if no body was supplied). Now, the bodies are properly encoded in the response.

cy.intercept('/does-it-exist', { body: false })
// Requests to `/does-it-exist` receive an empty response body

cy.intercept('/does-it-exist', { body: false })
// Requests to `/does-it-exist` receive a response body of `false`

Errors thrown by request and response handlers are no longer wrapped

Previously, errors thrown inside of req and res handlers would be wrapped by a CypressError. In 7.0.0, errors thrown inside of these handlers are not wrapped before failing the test.

This should only affect users who are explicitly asserting on global errors. See #15189 for more details.

Component Testing

In 7.0, component testing is no longer experimental. Cypress now ships with a dedicated component test runner with a new UI and dedicated commands to launch it.

Changes are required for all existing projects. The required changes are limited to configuration and there are no breaking changes to the mount API. The migration guide contains the following steps:

1. Update your Cypress configuration to remove experimentalComponentTesting
2. Install updated dependencies
3. Update the plugins file
4. Use CLI commands to launch
5. Update the support file (optionally)

1. Remove experimentalComponentTesting config

The experimentalComponentTesting configuration is no longer needed to run component tests. Remove this flag in order to run Cypress tests without erroring.

{
  "experimentalComponentTesting": true,
  "componentFolder": "src",
  "testFiles": "**/*spec.{js,jsx,ts,tsx}"
}

{
  "componentFolder": "src",
  "testFiles": "**/*spec.{js,jsx,ts,tsx}"
}

2. Install component testing dependencies

The Component Test Runner requires the following dependencies:

• Framework-specific bindings such as @cypress/react.
• Development server adapter such as @cypress/webpack-dev-server.
• Peer dependencies such as webpack-dev-server, vue, or react.

Install React dependencies

1. Upgrade to @cypress/react 5.X.
2. Install @cypress/webpack-dev-server.
3. (Optional) Install cypress-react-selector if any tests use cy.react().
4. (Optional) Install code coverage, see installation steps).

npm i cypress @cypress/react @cypress/webpack-dev-server -D

Install Vue 3 dependencies

1. Upgrade to @cypress/vue@next (3.X and above).
2. Install @cypress/webpack-dev-server.

npm i cypress @cypress/vue@next @cypress/webpack-dev-server -D

Install Vue 2 dependencies

1. Upgrade to @cypress/vue@2 (2.X only).
2. Install @cypress/webpack-dev-server.

npm i cypress @cypress/vue @cypress/webpack-dev-server -D

3. Update plugins file to use dev-server:start

Re-using a project's local development server instead of file preprocessors

In 7.0 Cypress component tests require that code is bundled with your local development server, via a new dev-server:start event. This event replaces the previous file:preprocessor event.

const webpackPreprocessor = require('@cypress/webpack-preprocessor')
const webpackConfig = require('../webpack.config.js')

module.exports = (on, config) => {
  on('file:preprocessor', webpackPreprocessor(options))
}

// The @cypress/webpack-dev-server package replaces @cypress/webpack-preprocessor
const { startDevServer } = require('@cypress/webpack-dev-server')
const webpackConfig = require('../webpack.config.js')

module.exports = (on, config) => {
  // You must use the dev-server:start event instead of the file:preprocessor event

  on('dev-server:start', (options) => {
    return startDevServer({ options, webpackConfig })
  })
}

Configure plugins.js for React projects

Projects using React may not need to update their plugins file. If your project is using a webpack scaffold or boilerplate, it is recommended to use a preset plugin imported from @cypress/react/plugins.

Preset Plugins for React

If you are using a preset plugin within @cypress/react, you should not need to update your plugins file. To check if you are using a preset, check to see if your plugins file contains an import to a file inside of @cypress/react/plugins.

// The @cypress/react project exposes preset plugin configurations
// These presets automatically register the events to bundle the project properly
const injectReactScriptsDevServer = require('@cypress/react/plugins/react-scripts')

module.exports = (on, config) => {
  // Internally, this method registers `dev-server:start` with the proper webpack configuration
  // Previously, it registered the `file:preprocessor` event.
  injectReactScriptsDevServer(on, config)

  return config
}

Configure plugins.js for Vue

Projects using Vue will likely be using either @vue/cli or manually defining webpack configuration. These steps are identical to the manual setup steps, with the exception of how you resolve the webpack configuration. To access the resolved webpack configuration that contains any vue.config.js setup or the default @vue/cli webpack setup, you must import the configuration and pass it into @cypress/webpack-dev-server.

const { startDevServer } = require('@cypress/webpack-dev-server')

// The resolved configuration, which contains any `vue.config.js` setup
const webpackConfig = require('@vue/cli-service/webpack.config.js')

module.exports = (on, config) => {
  on('dev-server:start', (options) => {
    return startDevServer({ options, webpackConfig })
  })
}

Configuring a project with vanilla webpack

For projects with manually defined or ejected webpack configurations, the webpack configuration must be passed in.

const { startDevServer } = require('@cypress/webpack-dev-server')
const webpackConfig = require('../webpack.config.js')

module.exports = (on, config) => {
  on('dev-server:start', (options) => {
    return startDevServer({ options, webpackConfig })
  })
}

4. Use CLI commands to launch

To run your component tests you must use the dedicated component testing subcommands.

• cypress open-ct
• cypress run-ct

cypress run

# open component testing runner
cypress open-ct

# run all component tests
cypress run-ct

# e2e tests
cypress open
cypress run

5. Update the support file (optionally)

Previously, a support file was required to set up the component testing target node. This is no longer necessary.

Specifically for React users, if the support file contains the following line, please remove it. The import will fail in the future. We have left it in to avoid a breaking change, but the file does nothing.

// support.js

// This import should be removed, it will error in a future update
import '@cypress/react/hooks'

Expanded stylesheet support

Stylesheets are now bundled and imported within spec and support files. Previously, many of mount's mounting options such as stylesheets, cssFiles, and styles were required to import stylesheets into your component tests. This often involved pre-compiling the stylesheets before launching the component tests, which affected performance. Migrating to imports for these styles is optional, but recommended.

Now, stylesheets should be loaded into the document the same way they are in your application. It is recommended you update your code like so:

const { mount } = require('@cypress/react')
const Button = require('./Button')

it('renders a Button', () => {
  // Mounting a button and loading the Tailwind CSS library
  mount(<Button />, {
    stylesheets: [
      // Paths are relative to the project root directory and must be pre-compiled
      // Because they are static, they do not watch for file updates
      '/dist/index.css',
      '/node_modules/tailwindcss/dist/tailwind.min.css',
    ],
  })
})

// In the majority of modern style-loaders,
// these styles will be injected into document.head when they're imported below
require('./index.scss')
require('tailwindcss/dist/tailwind.min.css')

const { mount } = require('@cypress/react')
const Button = require('./Button')

it('renders a Button', () => {
  // This button will render with the Tailwind CSS styles
  // as well as the application's index.scss styles
  mount(<Button />)
})

Desktop GUI no longer displays component tests

Previously, the Desktop GUI displayed both end-to-end and component tests. Now, component tests are only displayed when launching via the component testing-specific subcommands. cypress open-ct (or run-ct in CI)

Executing all or some component tests

In 6.X, the Desktop GUI had support for finding and executing a subset of component tests. In 7.0, this is possible with the --headed command and a spec glob, like so:

cypress run-ct --headed --spec **/some-folder/*spec.*

Coverage

Previously, the @cypress/react 4.X package embedded code coverage in your tests automatically.

If you still wish to record code coverage in your tests, you must manually install it. Please see our code coverage guide for the latest steps.

cypress-react-selector

If you use cy.react() in your tests, you must manually install cypress-react-selector with npm i cypress-react-selector -D. You do not need to update your support file.

HTML Side effects

As of 7.0, we only clean up components mounted by Cypress via @cypress/react or @cypress/vue.

We no longer automatically reset the document.body between tests. Any HTML side effects of your component tests will carry over.

const { mount } = require('@cypress/react')

describe('Component teardown behavior', () => {
  it('modifies the document and mounts a component', () => {
    // HTML unrelated to the component is mounted
    Cypress.$('body').append('<div id="some-html"/>')

    // A component is mounted
    mount(<Button id="my-button"></Button>)

    cy.get('#some-html').should('exist')
    cy.get('#my-button').should('exist')
  })

  it('cleans up any HTML', () => {
    // The component is automatically unmounted by Cypress
    cy.get('#my-button').should('not.exist')

    // The HTML left over from the previous test has been cleaned up
    // This was done automatically by Cypress
    cy.get('#some-html').should('not.exist')
  })
})

const { mount } = require('@cypress/react')

describe('Component teardown behavior', () => {
  it('modifies the document and mounts a component', () => {
    // HTML unrelated to the component is mounted
    Cypress.$('body').append('<div id="some-html"/>')

    // A component is mounted
    mount(<Button id="my-button"></Button>)

    cy.get('#some-html').should('exist')
    cy.get('#my-button').should('exist')
  })

  it('only cleans up *components* between tests', () => {
    // The component is automatically unmounted by Cypress
    cy.get('#my-button').should('not.exist')

    // The HTML left over from the previous test should be manually cleared
    cy.get('#some-html').should('not.exist')
  })
})

Legacy cypress-react-unit-test and cypress-vue-unit-test packages

For users upgrading from cypress-react-unit-tests or cypress-vue-unit-tests, please update all references to use @cypress/react or @cypress/vue. These packages have been deprecated and moved to the Cypress scope on npm.

Uncaught exception and unhandled rejections

In 7.0, Cypress now fails tests in more situations where there is an uncaught exception and also if there is an unhandled promise rejection in the application under test.

You can ignore these situations and not fail the Cypress test with the code below.

Turn off all uncaught exception handling

Cypress.on('uncaught:exception', (err, runnable) => {
  // returning false here prevents Cypress from
  // failing the test
  return false
})

Turn off uncaught exception handling unhandled promise rejections

Cypress.on('uncaught:exception', (err, runnable, promise) => {
  // when the exception originated from an unhandled promise
  // rejection, the promise is provided as a third argument
  // you can turn off failing the test in this case
  if (promise) {
    // returning false here prevents Cypress from
    // failing the test
    return false
  }
})

Node.js 12+ support

Cypress comes bundled with its own Node.js version. However, installing the cypress npm package uses the Node.js version installed on your system.

Node.js 10 reached its end of life on Dec 31, 2019 and Node.js 13 reached its end of life on June 1, 2019. See Node's release schedule. These Node.js versions will no longer be supported when installing Cypress. The minimum Node.js version supported to install Cypress is Node.js 12 or Node.js 14+.

Migrating cy.route() to cy.intercept()

This guide details how to change your test code to migrate from cy.route() to cy.intercept(). cy.server() and cy.route() are deprecated in Cypress 6.0.0. In a future release, support for cy.server() and cy.route() will be removed.

Please also refer to the full documentation for cy.intercept().

Match simple route

In many use cases, you can replace cy.route() with cy.intercept() and remove the call to cy.server() (which is no longer necessary).

// Set up XHR listeners using cy.route()
cy.server()
cy.route('/users').as('getUsers')
cy.route('POST', '/project').as('createProject')
cy.route('PATCH', '/projects/*').as('updateProject')

// Intercept HTTP requests
cy.intercept('/users').as('getUsers')
cy.intercept('POST', '/project').as('createProject')
cy.intercept('PATCH', '/projects/*').as('updateProject')

Match against url and path

The url argument to cy.intercept() matches against the full url, as opposed to the url or path in cy.route(). If you're using the url argument in cy.intercept(), you may need to update your code depending on the route you're trying to match.

// Match XHRs with a path or url of /users
cy.server()
cy.route({
  method: 'POST',
  url: '/users',
}).as('getUsers')

// Match HTTP requests with a path of /users
cy.intercept({
  method: 'POST',
  path: '/users',
}).as('getUsers')

// OR
// Match HTTP requests with an exact url of https://example.cypress.io/users
cy.intercept({
  method: 'POST',
  url: 'https://example.cypress.io/users',
}).as('getUsers')

cy.wait() object

The object returned by cy.wait() is different from intercepted HTTP requests using cy.intercept() than the object returned from an awaited cy.route() XHR.

// Wait for XHR from cy.route()
cy.route('POST', '/users').as('createUser')
// ...
cy.wait('@createUser').then(({ requestBody, responseBody, status }) => {
  expect(status).to.eq(200)
  expect(requestBody.firstName).to.eq('Jane')
  expect(responseBody.firstName).to.eq('Jane')
})

// Wait for intercepted HTTP request
cy.intercept('POST', '/users').as('createUser')
// ...
cy.wait('@createUser').then(({ request, response }) => {
  expect(response.statusCode).to.eq(200)
  expect(request.body.name).to.eq('Jane')
  expect(response.body.name).to.eq('Jane')
})

Fixtures

You can stub requests and response with fixture data by defining a fixture property in the routeHandler argument for cy.intercept().

// Stub response with fixture data using cy.route()
cy.route('GET', '/projects', 'fx:projects')

// Stub response with fixture data using cy.intercept()
cy.intercept('GET', '/projects', {
  fixture: 'projects',
})

Override intercepts

As of 7.0, newer intercepts are called before older intercepts, allowing users to override intercepts. See "Handler ordering is reversed" for more details.

Before 7.0, intercepts could not be overridden. See #9302 for more details.

Migrating to Cypress 6.0

This guide details the changes and how to change your code to migrate to Cypress 6.0. See the full changelog for 6.0.

Non-existent element assertions

In previous versions of Cypress, there was a possibility for tests to falsely pass when asserting a negative state on non-existent elements.

For example, in the tests below we want to test that the search dropdown is no longer visible when the search input is blurred because we hide the element in CSS styles. Except in this test, we've mistakenly misspelled one of our selectors.

cy.get('input[type=search]').type('Cypress')
cy.get('#dropdown').should('be.visible')
cy.get('input[type=search]').blur()

// below we misspelled "dropdown" in the selector 😞
// the assertions falsely pass in Cypress < 6.0
// and will correctly fail in Cypress 6.0 +
cy.get('#dropdon').should('not.be.visible')
cy.get('#dropdon').should('not.have.class', 'open')
cy.get('#dropdon').should('not.contain', 'Cypress')

In 6.0, these assertions will now correctly fail, telling us that the #dropdon element doesn't exist in the DOM.

Assertions on non-existent elements

This fix may cause some breaking changes in your tests if you are relying on assertions such as not.be.visible or not.contains to test that the DOM element did not exist in the DOM. This means you'll need to update your test code to be more specific about your assertions on non-existent elements.

it('test', () => {
  // the .modal element is removed from the DOM on click
  cy.get('.modal').find('.close').click()
  // assertions below pass in < 6.0, but properly fail in 6.0+
  cy.get('.modal').should('not.be.visible')
  cy.get('.modal').should('not.contain', 'Upgrade')
})

it('test', () => {
  // the .modal element is removed from the DOM on click
  cy.get('.modal').find('.close').click()
  // we should instead assert that the element doesn't exist
  cy.get('.modal').should('not.exist')
})

Opacity visibility

DOM elements with opacity: 0 style are no longer considered to be visible. This includes elements with an ancestor that has opacity: 0 since a child element can never have a computed opacity greater than that of an ancestor.

Elements where the CSS property (or ancestors) is opacity: 0 are still considered actionable however and any action commands used to interact with the element will perform the action. This matches browser's implementation on how they regard elements with opacity: 0.

Assert visibility of opacity: 0 element

it('test', () => {
  // '.hidden' has 'opacity: 0' style.
  // In < 5.0 this assertion would fail
  cy.get('.hidden').should('not.be.visible')
})

it('test', () => {
  // '.hidden' has 'opacity: 0' style.
  // In 6.0 this assertion will pass
  cy.get('.hidden').should('not.be.visible')
})

Perform actions on opacity: 0 element

In all versions of Cypress, you can interact with elements that have opacity: 0 style.

it('test', () => {
  // '.hidden' has 'opacity: 0' style.
  cy.get('.hidden').click() // ✅ clicks on element
  cy.get('.hidden').type('hi') // ✅ types into element
  cy.get('.hidden').check() // ✅ checks element
  cy.get('.hidden').select('yes') // ✅ selects element
})

cy.wait(alias) type

cy.route() is deprecated in 6.0.0. We encourage the use of cy.intercept() instead. Due to this deprecation, the type yielded by cy.wait(alias) has changed.

Restore old behavior

If you need to restore the type behavior prior to 6.0.0 for cy.wait(alias), you can declare a global override for cy.wait() like so:

declare global {
  namespace Cypress {
    interface Chainable<Subject = any> {
      wait(alias: string): Chainable<Cypress.WaitXHR>
    }
  }
}

—disable-dev-shm-usage

We now pass —disable-dev-shm-usage to the Chrome browser flags by default. If you're passing this flag in your plugins file, you can now remove this code.

// cypress/plugins/index.js
module.exports = (on, config) => {
  on('before:browser:launch', (browser = {}, launchOptions) => {
    if (browser.family === 'chromium' && browser.name !== 'electron') {
      launchOptions.args.push('--disable-dev-shm-usage')
    }

    return launchOptions
  })
}

// cypress/plugins/index.js
module.exports = (on, config) => {}

Restore old behavior

If you need to remove the flag in 6.0.0+, you can follow the workaround documented here: #9242.

Migrating to Cypress 5.0

This guide details the changes and how to change your code to migrate to Cypress 5.0. See the full changelog for 5.0.

Tests retries

Test retries are available in Cypress 5.0. This means that tests can be re-run a number of times before potentially being marked as a failed test. Read the Test Retries doc for more information on how this works and how to turn on test retries.

When test retries are turned on, there will now be a screenshot taken for every failed attempt, so there could potentially be more than 1 screenshot per test failure. Read the Test Retries doc for more information on how this works.

The cypress-plugin-retries plugin has been deprecated in favor of test retries built into Cypress. There's guidance below on how to migrate from the cypress-plugin-retries plugin to Cypress's built-in test retries.

Configure test retries via the CLI

CYPRESS_RETRIES=2 cypress run

CYPRESS_RETRIES=2 cypress run

Configure test retries in the configuration file

{
  "env": {
    "RETRIES": 2
  }
}

{
  "retries": 1
}

• runMode allows you to define the number of test retries when running cypress run
• openMode allows you to define the number of test retries when running cypress open

{
  "retries": {
    "runMode": 1,
    "openMode": 3
  }
}

Configure test retries per test

it('test', () => {
  Cypress.currentTest.retries(2)
})

it(
  'allows user to login',
  {
    retries: 2,
  },
  () => {
    // ...
  }
)

• runMode allows you to define the number of test retries when running cypress run
• openMode allows you to define the number of test retries when running cypress open

it(
  'allows user to login',
  {
    retries: {
      runMode: 2,
      openMode: 3,
    },
  },
  () => {
    // ...
  }
)

Module API results

To more accurately reflect result data for runs with test retries, the structure of each run's runs array resolved from the Promise returned from cypress.run() of the Module API has changed.

Mainly there is a new attempts Array on each test which will reflect the result of each test retry.

{
  // ...
  "runs": [{
    // ...
    "hooks": [{
      "hookId": "h1",
      "hookName": "before each",
      "title": [ "before each hook" ],
      "body": "function () {\n  expect(true).to.be["true"];\n}"
    }],
    // ...
    "screenshots": [{
      "screenshotId": "8ddmk",
      "name": null,
      "testId": "r2",
      "takenAt": "2020-08-05T08:52:20.432Z",
      "path": "User/janelane/my-app/cypress/screenshots/spec.js/test (failed).png",
      "height": 720,
      "width": 1280
    }],
    "stats": {
      // ...
      "wallClockStartedAt": "2020-08-05T08:38:37.589Z",
      "wallClockEndedAt": "2018-07-11T17:53:35.675Z",
      "wallClockDuration": 1171
    },
    "tests": [{
      "testId": "r2",
      "title": [ "test" ],
      "state": "failed",
      "body": "function () {\n  expect(true).to.be["false"];\n}",
      "stack": "AssertionError: expected true to be false\n' +
        '    at Context.eval (...cypress/integration/spec.js:5:21",
      "error": "expected true to be false",
      "timings": {
        "lifecycle": 16,
        "test": {...}
      },
      "failedFromHookId": null,
      "wallClockStartedAt": "2020-08-05T08:38:37.589Z",
      "wallClockDuration": 1171,
      "videoTimestamp": 4486
    }],
  }],
  // ...
}

{
  // ...
  "runs": [{
    // ...
    "hooks": [{
      "hookName": "before each",
      "title": [ "before each hook" ],
      "body": "function () {\n  expect(true).to.be["true"];\n}"
    }],
    // ...
    "stats": {
      // ...
      "startedAt": "2020-08-05T08:38:37.589Z",
      "endedAt": "2018-07-11T17:53:35.675Z",
      "duration": 1171
    },
    "tests": [{
      "title": [ "test" ],
      "state": "failed",
      "body": "function () {\n  expect(true).to.be["false"];\n}",
      "displayError": "AssertionError: expected true to be false\n' +
      '    at Context.eval (...cypress/integration/spec.js:5:21",
      "attempts": [{
        "state": "failed",
        "error": {
          "message": "expected true to be false",
          "name": "AssertionError",
          "stack": "AssertionError: expected true to be false\n' +
      '    at Context.eval (...cypress/integration/spec.js:5:21"
        },
        "screenshots": [{
          "name": null,
          "takenAt": "2020-08-05T08:52:20.432Z",
          "path": "User/janelane/my-app/cypress/screenshots/spec.js/test (failed).png",
          "height": 720,
          "width": 1280
        }],
        "startedAt": "2020-08-05T08:38:37.589Z",
        "duration": 1171,
        "videoTimestamp": 4486
      }]
    }],
  }],
  // ...
}

Cookies whitelist option renamed

The Cypress.Cookies.defaults() whitelist option has been renamed to preserve to more closely reflect its behavior.

Cypress.Cookies.defaults({
  whitelist: 'session_id',
})

Cypress.Cookies.defaults({
  preserve: 'session_id',
})

blacklistHosts configuration renamed

The blacklistHosts configuration has been renamed to blockHosts to more closely reflect its behavior.

This should be updated in all places where Cypress configuration can be set including via the Cypress configuration file, command line arguments, the pluginsFile, Cypress.config() or environment variables.

{
  "blacklistHosts": "www.google-analytics.com"
}

{
  "blockHosts": "www.google-analytics.com"
}

Return type of Cypress.Blob changed

We updated the Blob library used behind Cypress.Blob from 1.3.3 to 2.0.2.

The return type of the Cypress.Blob methods arrayBufferToBlob, base64StringToBlob, binaryStringToBlob, and dataURLToBlob have changed from Promise<Blob> to Blob.

Cypress.Blob.base64StringToBlob(this.logo, 'image/png').then((blob) => {
  // work with the returned blob
})

const blob = Cypress.Blob.base64StringToBlob(this.logo, 'image/png')

// work with the returned blob

cy.server() whitelist option renamed

The cy.server() whitelist option has been renamed to ignore to more closely reflect its behavior.

cy.server({
  whitelist: (xhr) => {
    return xhr.method === 'GET' && /\.(jsx?|html|css)(\?.*)?$/.test(xhr.url)
  },
})

cy.server({
  ignore: (xhr) => {
    return xhr.method === 'GET' && /\.(jsx?|html|css)(\?.*)?$/.test(xhr.url)
  },
})

Cookies sameSite property

Values yielded by cy.setCookie(), cy.getCookie(), and cy.getCookies() will now contain the sameSite property if specified.

If you were using the experimentalGetCookiesSameSite configuration to get the sameSite property previously, this should be removed.

cy.getCookie('token').then((cookie) => {
  // cy.getCookie() yields a cookie object
  // {
  //   domain: "localhost",
  //   expiry: 1593551644,
  //   httpOnly: false,
  //   name: "token",
  //   path: "/commands",
  //   secure: false,
  //   value: "123ABC"
  // }
})

cy.getCookie('token').then((cookie) => {
  // cy.getCookie() yields a cookie object
  // {
  //   domain: "localhost",
  //   expiry: 1593551644,
  //   httpOnly: false,
  //   name: "token",
  //   path: "/commands",
  //   sameSite: "strict",
  //   secure: false,
  //   value: "123ABC"
  // }
})

dirname / filename

The globals __dirname and __filename no longer include a leading slash.

// cypress/integration/app_spec.js
it('include leading slash < 5.0', () => {
  expect(__dirname).to.equal('/cypress/integration')
  expect(__filename).to.equal('/cypress/integration/app_spec.js')
})

// cypress/integration/app_spec.js
it('do not include leading slash >= 5.0', () => {
  expect(__dirname).to.equal('cypress/integration')
  expect(__filename).to.equal('cypress/integration/app_spec.js')
})

Linux dependencies

Running Cypress on Linux now requires the libgbm dependency (on Debian-based systems, this is available as libgbm-dev). To install all required dependencies on Ubuntu/Debian, you can run the script below:

apt-get install libgtk2.0-0 libgtk-3-0 libgbm-dev libnotify-dev libgconf-2-4 libnss3 libxss1 libasound2 libxtst6 xauth xvfb

TypeScript esModuleInterop

Cypress no longer forces the esModuleInterop compiler option for TypeScript to be true for spec, support, and plugins files. We recommend setting it in your project's tsconfig.json instead if you need to.

// tsconfig.json
{
  "compilerOptions": {
    "esModuleInterop": true
    /* ... other compiler options ... */
  }
}

TypeScript 3.4+ support

Cypress 5.0 raises minimum required TypeScript version from 2.9+ to 3.4+. You'll need to have TypeScript 3.4+ installed within your project to have TypeScript support within Cypress.

Node.js 10+ support

Cypress comes bundled with its own Node.js version. However, installing the cypress npm package uses the Node.js version installed on your system.

Node.js 8 reached its end of life on Dec 31, 2019 and Node.js 11 reached its end of life on June 1, 2019. See Node's release schedule. These Node.js versions will no longer be supported when installing Cypress. The minimum Node.js version supported to install Cypress is Node.js 10 or Node.js 12+.

Migrating to Cypress 4.0

This guide details the changes and how to change your code to migrate to Cypress 4.0. See the full changelog for 4.0.

Mocha upgrade

Mocha was upgraded from 2.5.3 to 7.0.1, which includes a number of breaking changes and new features outlined in their changelog. Some changes you might notice are described below.

Breaking Change: invoke done callback and return a promise

Starting with Mocha 3.0.0, invoking a done callback and returning a promise in a test results in an error.

This error originates from Mocha and is discussed at length here and here.

The reason is that using two different ways to signal that a test is finished is usually a mistake and there is always a way to only use one. There is a proposal to handle this situation without erroring that may be released in a future version of Mocha.

In the meantime, you can fix the error by choosing a single way to signal the end of your test's execution.

Example #1

it('uses invokes done and returns promise', (done) => {
  return codeUnderTest.doSomethingThatReturnsPromise().then((result) => {
    // assertions here
    done()
  })
})

it('uses invokes done and returns promise', () => {
  return codeUnderTest.doSomethingThatReturnsPromise().then((result) => {
    // assertions here
  })
})

Example #2

it('uses invokes done and returns promise', (done) => {
  eventEmitter.on('change', () => {
    // assertions
    done()
  })

  return eventEmitter.doSomethingThatEmitsChange()
})

it('uses invokes done and returns promise', (done) => {
  eventEmitter.on('change', () => {
    // assertions
    done()
  })

  eventEmitter.doSomethingThatEmitsChange()
})

Example #3

Test functions using async/await automatically return a promise, so they need to be refactored to not use a done callback.

it('uses async/await', async (done) => {
  const eventEmitter = await getEventEmitter()
  eventEmitter.on('change', () => done())
  eventEmitter.doSomethingThatEmitsChange()
})

it('uses async/await', async () => {
  const eventEmitter = await getEventEmitter()
  return new Promise((resolve) => {
    eventEmitter.on('change', () => resolve())
    eventEmitter.doSomethingThatEmitsChange()
  })
})

Tests require a title

Tests now require a title and will error when not provided one.

// Would show as pending in Cypress 3
// Will throw type error in Cypress 4:
it() // Test argument "title" should be a string. Received type "undefined"

Chai upgrade

Chai was upgraded from 3.5.0 to 4.2.0, which includes a number of breaking changes and new features outlined in Chai's migration guide. Some changes you might notice are described below.

Breaking Change: assertions expecting numbers

Some assertions will now throw an error if the assertion's target or arguments are not numbers, including within, above, least, below, most, increase and decrease.

// These will now throw errors:
expect(null).to.be.within(0, 1)
expect(null).to.be.above(10)
// This will not throw errors:
expect('string').to.have.a.length.of.at.least(3)

Breaking Change: empty assertions

The .empty assertion will now throw when it is passed non-string primitives and functions.

// These will now throw TypeErrors
expect(Symbol()).to.be.empty
expect(() => {}).to.be.empty

Breaking Change: non-existent properties

An error will throw when a non-existent property is read. If there are typos in property assertions, they will now appear as failures.

// Would pass in Cypress 3 but will fail correctly in 4
expect(true).to.be.ture

Breaking Change: include checks strict equality

include now always use strict equality unless the deep property is set.

// Would pass in Cypress 3 but will fail correctly in 4
cy.wrap([
  {
    first: 'Jane',
    last: 'Lane',
  },
]).should('include', {
  first: 'Jane',
  last: 'Lane',
})

// Specifically check for deep.include to pass in Cypress 4
cy.wrap([
  {
    first: 'Jane',
    last: 'Lane',
  },
]).should('deep.include', {
  first: 'Jane',
  last: 'Lane',
})

Sinon.JS upgrade

Sinon.JS was upgraded from 3.2.0 to 8.1.1, which includes a number of breaking changes and new features outlined in Sinon.JS's migration guide. Some changes you might notice are described below.

Breaking Change: stub non-existent properties

An error will throw when trying to stub a non-existent property.

// Would pass in Cypress 3 but will fail in 4
cy.stub(obj, 'nonExistingProperty')

Breaking Change: reset() replaced by resetHistory()

For spies and stubs, the reset() method was replaced by resetHistory().

const spy = cy.spy()
const stub = cy.stub()

spy.reset()
stub.reset()

const spy = cy.spy()
const stub = cy.stub()

spy.resetHistory()
stub.resetHistory()

Plugin Event before:browser:launch

Since we now support more advanced browser launch options, during before:browser:launch we no longer yield the second argument as an array of browser arguments and instead yield a launchOptions object with an args property.

You can see more examples of the new launchOptions in use in the Browser Launch API doc.

on('before:browser:launch', (browser, args) => {
  // will print a deprecation warning telling you
  // to change your code to the new signature
  args.push('--another-arg')

  return args
})

on('before:browser:launch', (browser, launchOptions) => {
  launchOptions.args.push('--another-arg')

  return launchOptions
})

Electron options in before:browser:launch

Previously, you could pass options to the launched Electron BrowserWindow in before:browser:launch by modifying the launchOptions object.

Now, you must pass those options as launchOptions.preferences:

on('before:browser:launch', (browser, args) => {
  args.darkTheme = true

  return args
})

on('before:browser:launch', (browser, launchOptions) => {
  launchOptions.preferences.darkTheme = true

  return launchOptions
})

Launching Chrome Canary with --browser

Before 4.0, cypress run --browser canary would run tests in Chrome Canary.

Now, you must pass --browser chrome:canary to select Chrome Canary.

See the docs for cypress run --browser for more information.

cypress run --browser canary

cypress run --browser chrome:canary

Chromium-based browser family

We updated the Cypress browser objects of all Chromium-based browsers, including Electron, to have chromium set as their family field.

module.exports = (on, config) => {
  on('before:browser:launch', (browser = {}, launchOptions) => {
    if (browser.family === 'electron') {
      // would match Electron in 3.x
      // will match no browsers in 4.0.0
      return launchOptions
    }

    if (browser.family === 'chromium') {
      // would match no browsers in 3.x
      // will match any Chromium-based browser in 4.0.0
      // ie Chrome, Canary, Chromium, Electron, Edge (Chromium-based)
      return launchOptions
    }
  })
}

Example #1 (Finding Electron)

module.exports = (on, config) => {
  on('before:browser:launch', (browser = {}, args) => {
    if (browser.family === 'electron') {
      // run code for Electron browser in 3.x
      return args
    }
  })
}

module.exports = (on, config) => {
  on('before:browser:launch', (browser = {}, launchOptions) => {
    if (browser.name === 'electron') {
      // run code for Electron browser in 4.0.0
      return launchOptions
    }
  })
}

Example #2 (Finding Chromium-based browsers)

module.exports = (on, config) => {
  on('before:browser:launch', (browser = {}, args) => {
    if (browser.family === 'chrome') {
      // in 4.x, `family` was changed to 'chromium' for all Chromium-based browsers
      return args
    }
  })
}

module.exports = (on, config) => {
  on('before:browser:launch', (browser = {}, launchOptions) => {
    if (browser.family === 'chromium' && browser.name !== 'electron') {
      // pass launchOptions to Chromium-based browsers in 4.0
      return launchOptions
    }
  })
}

cy.writeFile() yields null

cy.writeFile() now yields null instead of the contents written to the file. This change was made to more closely align with the behavior of Node.js fs.writeFile.

cy.writeFile('path/to/message.txt', 'Hello World').then((text) => {
  // Would pass in Cypress 3 but will fail in 4
  expect(text).to.equal('Hello World') // false
})

cy.writeFile('path/to/message.txt', 'Hello World')
cy.readFile('path/to/message.txt').then((text) => {
  expect(text).to.equal('Hello World') // true
})

cy.contains() ignores invisible whitespaces

Browsers ignore leading, trailing, duplicate whitespaces. And Cypress now does that, too.

<p>hello world</p>

cy.get('p').contains('hello world') // Fail in 3.x. Pass in 4.0.0.
cy.get('p').contains('hello\nworld') // Pass in 3.x. Fail in 4.0.0.

Node.js 8+ support

Cypress comes bundled with its own Node.js version. However, installing the cypress npm package uses the Node.js version installed on your system.

Node.js 4 reached its end of life on April 30, 2018 and Node.js 6 reached its end of life on April 30, 2019. See Node's release schedule. These Node.js versions will no longer be supported when installing Cypress. The minimum Node.js version supported to install Cypress is Node.js 8.

CJSX is no longer supported

Cypress no longer supports CJSX (CoffeeScript + JSX), because the library used to transpile it is no longer maintained.

If you need CJSX support, you can use a pre-2.x version of the Browserify preprocessor.

npm install @cypress/browserify-preprocessor@1.1.2

// cypress/plugins/index.js
const browserify = require('@cypress/browserify-preprocessor')

module.exports = (on) => {
  on('file:preprocessor', browserify())
}